Pov thawj-of-Work, los yog PoW, thiab Pov Thawj-of-Stake, tseem hu ua PoS yog ob qho ntawm cov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws uas siv los tiv thaiv blockchains thiab cryptocurrency networks. Pov Thawj-ofStake yog ib txoj kev pom zoo uas tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Kab lus no tsuas yog tsom mus rau Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm thiab Pov Thawj-ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.
Kev lag luam crypto tau koom nrog kev sib cav sib cav rau ntau xyoo txog qhov kev pom zoo twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv ob leeg muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, uas peb tshawb nrhiav.
Nov yog qhov koj yuav tsum ua. Pov thawj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm vs pov thawj-ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tshawb xyuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua qhov kev pom zoo kom koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov twg ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo dua rau koj qhov project, lossis muab qee qhov kev nkag siab rau koj txog qhov chaw pw hav zoov koj nyob, yog tias yog.
Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias peb txhua tus nyob rau tib nplooj ntawv nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los hais txog qee qhov ntawm cov blockchains loj no uas tau siv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm:
- Bitcoin (BTC),
- Litecoin yog cryptocurrency.
- Bitcoin Nyiaj BCH
- Monero
- Zcash
- Dogecoin yog ib qho cryptocurrency uas tau tsim tawm hauv xyoo 2010.
Ethereum siv Pov Thawj-ntawm-Kev Ua Haujlwm ib yam nkaus txog xyoo 2022, thaum nws koom nrog Bitcoin.
Cov no yog lub ntsiab crypto txiaj uas siv Pov Thawj-of Stake.
- Ethereum 2.0 (ETH).
- Cardano (ADA)
- Polkadot (DOT): koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
- Binance npib BNB
- Solana (UA)
- Avalanche (AVAX)
- Tezos (XTZ)
- Cosmos (ATOM)
- Algorand
- Sib ntsib dua
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau Guy's take, koj tuaj yeem pom nws kiv ntawm cov ncauj lus hauv qab no:
Yuav ua li cas ua pov thawj koj txoj haujlwm?
Txoj Kev Pom Zoo Pom Kev Ua Haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv blockchain mechanisms. Hauv ntau tus neeg xav, nws yog txoj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau kev pom zoo ntawm kev pom zoo. Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm suav nrog kev daws lossis tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem kev ua lej nyuaj thaum muaj kev sib pauv hauv online raug xa mus siv lub zog siv computer.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev suav cov nqi no yog txhawm rau nce cov nqi kev dag ntau dua li tau txais txiaj ntsig, yog li kev ruaj ntseg rau lub kaw lus.
Qhov pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhais li cas?
Ib txwm ua pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm yog siv los tiv thaiv blockchain. Qhov system no pits miners tawm tsam ib leeg los daws cov teeb meem lej nyuaj. Ib tug yuav tau daws qhov sib npaug uas muaj qee tus lej hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no yuav muab ntxiv rau lub block chain thiab siv los ua tus cim thaiv. Ua ntej rau kuv yuav tau txais cov nqi zog thaiv, feem ntau hauv Bitcoins lossis lwm yam cryptocurrencies.
PoW siv lub zog loj. (Ntau ntxiv rau qhov no tom qab.) Nws kuj tau raug thuam vim tias muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau ntau, vim nws xav tau lub zog suav tsis txaus ntseeg. Tab sis nws muaj ntau lwm yam txiaj ntsig.
PoW muaj nws qhov zoo
- Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev vim tias nws ua rau kev nyuaj siab heev tshwj tsis yog tias koj tswj tau ntau dua 51% ntawm tag nrho cov hashing zog.
- Lub decentralization yog ntau dua PoS, vim hais tias txhua tus miner tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm lub kaw lus yog tias nws muaj peev txheej txaus.
- Nws yog pob tshab dua li leej twg tuaj yeem pom cov kev hloov pauv twg tau ntxiv rau blockchain.
- Nws muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm miner sib tw rau ib leeg rau kev thaiv cov khoom plig, tsim kom muaj kev txheeb xyuas thiab sib npaug uas tiv thaiv ib tus neeg los ntawm kev muaj zog ntau dhau ntawm lub network.
Cov txheej txheem PoW yog ib txoj hauv kev siv computer uas lees paub kev lag luam hauv lub network decentralized. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees hauv lub network thiab pab tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias.
Txhawm rau tsim cov crypto-currencies tshiab, yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj ntawm kev suav lej txhawm rau txhawm rau daws cov lej lej hu ua mining. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub network raug txheeb xyuas.
PoW yog txoj hauv kev ua tiav kom ruaj ntseg ntau cryptos. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas yuav tau tham hauv tshooj tom ntej.
Keeb Kwm Ntawm Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm
PoW yog ib lub tswv yim uas rov qab mus rau thaum ntxov 1990s, thaum nws thawj zaug tau thov nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kawm muaj cai Spam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv lub cim xeeb ua haujlwmRaws li ib tug txhais tau tias kom txhob spam,. Txhawm rau xa email, tus xa email yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov lej yooj yim. Lub tswv yim no, thaum tsis dav siv rau email (uas yog qhov zoo rau peb lej-phobes), tom qab ntawd tau hloov mus siv cryptocurrency.
Satoshi Nakamoto tau luam tawm Bitcoin Whitepaper (lub ntiaj teb thawj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws) hauv xyoo 2008. Nakamoto siv cov ntaub ntawv no los qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm PoW los pab tiv thaiv Bitcoin Blockchain. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws tseem hu ua Nakamoto Consensus.
Satoshi White Paper qhia meej txog ntau cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau ua los ua haujlwm ntawm blockchain network.
Tag nrho cov nodes raug ceeb toom txog kev hloov pauv tshiab.
- Txhua lub node sau tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv tshiab thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho thaiv.
- Txhua qhov ntawm lub luag haujlwm yog nrhiav cov pov thawj nyuaj tshaj plaws-ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau.
- Qhov thaiv tau tshaj tawm mus rau cov nodes thaum lub node pom cov pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
- Nodes yuav tsuas lees txais ib qho thaiv yog tias nws muaj cov khoom siv tau thiab tsis tau siv.
- Nodes txais ib qho thaiv thaum lawv tsim cov block tom ntej ntawm cov saw siv nws cov hash.
- Tus yeej yeej ib txwm yog cov saw hlau uas muaj qhov ntev tshaj plaws. Cov saw ntev tshaj plaws yeej.
PoW yog thawj zaug qhia nrog Bitcoin. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau raug yoog los ntawm lwm cov cryptocurrencies xws li Ethereum (pre merger), Litecoin thiab Dogecoin.
POW System yog dab tsi?
PoW yog ib qho system uas, tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus kev, cia siab rau ntau lub zog ntawm kev suav los daws cov lej lej. Nws yog npaj yuav nyuaj rau cov neeg siv los daws qhov puzzle no, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xyuas thaum lawv muaj kev daws teeb meem.
Etherplan.com muaj cov lus qhia zoo heev ntawm PoW Security uas piav qhia ntxiv txog lub ntsiab lus.
Rau Bitcoin, qhov no suav nrog kev nrhiav qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv uas qis dua li lub hom phiaj tus nqi. Yuav kom ua tau li ntawd, cov miners yuav xav tau lawv lub tshuab xam zauv thiaj li khiav tau ntau lab tus lej txhua ob.
Thaum tus miner pom cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv tau, lawv xa tawm mus rau lub network uas lwm cov nodes txheeb xyuas nws. Tus miner tau txais cov txiaj ntsig raug mined yog tias qhov kev daws teeb meem tau siv tau. Lub block muaj xws li ib daim ntawv teev cov kev ua lag luam, thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau blockchain.
To taub Pov Thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg
Pov thawj-ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg yog ib txoj hauv kev uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua kom ruaj ntseg hauv tes hauj lwm thiab ua kom muaj kev lag luam. Validators yog cov neeg siv uas xaiv xauv tokens. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav raug xaiv xaiv los txheeb xyuas qhov thaiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv. Rau cov neeg tuav nyiaj npib los ua tus neeg lees paub lawv yuav tsum: "stake" Ntau tus npib tuaj yeem siv los ua kev txhawb siab.
Nws yooj yim heev kom nkag siab PoS. Guy nthuav tawm qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws hauv PoS uas tau siv los ntawm cov sib txawv blockchain networks.
Pov Thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg yog dab tsi?
Pov thawj-of-Stake, lub tswv yim blockchain, tab tom loj hlob hauv kev muaj koob npe sai dua li Pov Thawj-of-Work. PoS, tsis zoo li Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm uas xav tau lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev suav kom txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv, muab nqi zog rau cov neeg siv los ntawm kev ua rau lawv koom nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau teev tseg.
Lub PoS system xaiv cov neeg siv khoom siv tau los siv tau thiab tsim cov blocks tshiab ntawm Blockchain raws li ntau npaum li cas cryptocurrency lawv koom nrog lossis tuav cov khoom lag luam. Qhov siab dua cov koom nrog cryptocurrency, qhov ntau dua lub caij nyoog uas tus neeg siv tau raug xaiv los tsim thiab siv tau cov block tom ntej.
Feem ntau cov kev pom zoo PoS xav kom cov neeg siv khoom siv tau los tso me me ntawm cryptocurrency txhawm rau koom nrog. Cov ceg txheem ntseeg yog ib qho kev lees paub ntawm kev siv tau ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm raug cai.
Garrick Hieman, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Blockchain.com, piav qhia nws tej zaum zoo tshaj:
"Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg, cov tuav cryptocurrency 'pov npav' kom pom zoo kev lag luam raug cai. Raws li qhov khoom plig rau kev pov npav ntawm kev ua lag luam raug cai, 'stakers' tau them rau hauv kev tsim tshiab cryptocurrency dhau sijhawm, "
Nws tseem niaj hnub:
"PoS muaj ob qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm: nws tsis tshua muaj zog siv zog thiab tuaj yeem muaj kev lag luam ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm."
Pros of Proof-of-Stake:
- Tsawg zog siv zog- qee qhov haujlwm yog "eco-friendly"
- Nqi-zoo- validators tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tuav ib tug npaum li cas ntawm crypto mus koom nyob rau hauv lub network, ua rau nws feem ntau siv tau ntau tshaj li xav tau los khiav PoW mining khoom.
- Ntau qhov haujlwm txhawb nqa kev sawv cev txhais tau hais tias cov neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem koom nrog los ntawm stakes tsawg thiab tsim cov nyiaj rov qab.
- Kev Ruaj Ntseg- Validators raug txhawb kom ua nrog kev ncaj ncees raws li lawv pheej hmoo poob lawv ceg txheem ntseeg los ntawm tus cwj pwm phem
- Decentralization- qee qhov dej num yog decentralized heev li validator nodes tau dav faib thiab dispersed nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
- Flexibility- PoS tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntau dua hauv kev tswj hwm thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub network. Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem muab lub zog pov npav rau cov lus pom zoo lossis kev hloov pauv rau lub network hauv kev nyiam ntawm zej zog.
Muaj ob peb qhov lus ceeb toom hais txog qhov muaj zog saum toj no, txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias kev ruaj ntseg, kev faib tawm, thiab hloov pauv "CAN" yog cov txiaj ntsig rau qee lub network, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus PoS cryptocurrency tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog vim nws muaj peev xwm ua tau. Binance Npib thiab Solana yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm no. Txawm hais tias lawv yog PoS, muaj ob peb tus neeg siv tau muaj peev xwm ua kom ruaj ntseg hauv lub network, ua rau lawv nyob hauv nruab nrab. Feem ntau hais lus, PoW tej yaam num muaj ntau decentralized dua li feem ntau ntawm PoS cryptos. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm PoS no los ntawm Ledger.
Flexibility kuj tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Ib qho ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm Bitcoin yog tias nws tsis hloov pauv, lossis nws yuav tsum yog. Nws lub zog yog tias nws tau teem rau hauv pob zeb thiab tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nws. Ntau PoS cryptocurrencies tuaj yeem muaj lawv qhov zoo, yam xws li khoom siv, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev tswj hwm tau hloov pauv, zoo ib yam li peb cov nyiaj txiag niaj hnub no, thiab peb txhua tus pom cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tsim.
Keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Pov Thawj-of-Stake
Lub tswv yim ntawm PoS hnub rov qab mus rau 2011 thaum nws tau tham thawj zaug ntawm lub rooj sib tham Bitcointalk, tab sis tau raug tso cai rau kev coj ua hauv 2012 thaum nws tau xub qhia los ntawm Sunny King thiab Scott Nadal hauv daim ntawv dawb rau Peercoin. Thaum lub sij hawm, PoW yog txoj kev tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj ntseg cryptocurrencies, tab sis King thiab Nadal pom lub peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv uas tso siab rau cov neeg siv tuav ib tug npaum li cas ntawm cryptocurrency thiaj li validate muas yam tsis siv ntau npaum li cas zog.
Txij li thaum qhia txog Peercoin, PoS tau txais yuav thiab hloov kho los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus thiab kev sib koom ua ke cryptocurrency, suav nrog Cardano, Polkadot, Ethereum 2.0, thiab ntau txheej loj ib qho cryptocurrencies.
PoS ua haujlwm li cas?
Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis muaj kev txawj dhau, PoS ua haujlwm los ntawm kev xav kom cov neeg siv tuav qee tus lej ntawm cryptocurrency txhawm rau koom nrog hauv lub network. Cov nyiaj no yog lub npe hu ua tus ceg txheem ntseeg, thiab cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau koom nrog lawv cov cryptocurrency txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev lag luam thiab tau txais khoom plig.
Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam cryptocurrency, PoS algorithm siv cov txheej txheem pseudo-random xaiv xaiv cov neeg siv tau los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov nodes. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li lub hnub nyoog staking, randomization, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov nyiaj staked ntawm node. Tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj npib staked txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev rau ib qho kev xaiv los ua tus validator tom ntej, uas yog feem ntau thuam vim nws centralizes txheej txheem xaiv raws li kev nplua nuj.
Vim li no, cov kev tshwj xeeb ntxiv yog feem ntau ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov kev siv ntau tshaj yog npib hnub nyoog xaiv thiab randomized block seem. Algorand tau ua tiav qee yam ua tau zoo thaum tsim cov txheej txheem randomization ncaj ncees, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog qhov ntawd hauv peb qhov kev tshuaj xyuas Algorand.
Nov yog daim duab zoo heev los ntawm Coinmonks uas qhia cov qauv ntawm PoS
Thaum ib tus neeg siv tau raug xaiv los tsim ib qho thaiv, lawv yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv thiab tsim ib qho hash, lossis tus cim tshwj xeeb rau qhov thaiv. Qhov hash no ces tshaj tawm mus rau lub network, qhov twg nws tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lwm cov nodes. Yog tias tus hash siv tau, tus neeg siv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev thaiv ntawm cryptocurrency.
Pov Thawj-ntawm-Ua Haujlwm vs Pov Thawj-ntawm-Stake: Qhov Sib txawv loj tshaj
Lub ntsiab lus loj tshaj plaws los npog yog ib qho kev sib cav loj hauv cov zej zog crypto thiab ecological, thiab nws tig mus rau kev siv zog. Txhawm rau hais txog nqe lus no, kuv xav hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tsis saib xyuas tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo, lus xaiv, thiab FUD ncaj ncees txog lub zog thiab Bitcoin mining.
Txhawm rau muab nws bluntly, qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm Bitcoin mining tau raug qhuas nyob rau hauv xov xwm, tawm ntawm lub siab phem los yog tsis paub. Kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm no, raws li peb muab tso ua ke no cov kab lus tob ntawm Bitcoin mining uas qhia txog nws qhov tseeb qhov tshwm sim, lub hom phiaj, thiab qhov zoo.
Tus txiv leej tub tseem npog qhov no hauv nws cov vis dis aus ntawm Bitcoin mining, thiab cov peev txheej kawg los muab "Bitcoin mining tsis zoo" piav qhia kom so, yog qhov yeeb yaj kiab zoo heev los ntawm peb cov phooj ywg ntawm Altcoin Txhua Hnub uas tso tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo no vim li cas Bitcoin mining yog qhov zoo. rau ib puag ncig.
Tab sis ...
Okay, yog, thaum muab piv rau ob txoj kev pom zoo, PoW siv ntau lub zog ntau dua, tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau qhov ntawd, kom zoo dua lossis phem dua.
Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm PoW vs PoS yog tias PoW yog qhov txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm qhov kev sib pauv hloov pauv uas nws tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog Bitcoin tsuas yog muaj peev xwm tuav txog 5-7 kev lag luam ib ob, thiab nws yuav siv sijhawm li 10 feeb los daws qhov kev sib pauv. Qhov no tsis suav nrog Lightning Network, tau kawg.
Sib piv qhov no rau PoS zoo li NEAR raws tu qauv, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov theoretical 100k TPS nrog lub sijhawm kawg ntawm 2 vib nas this. PoS zoo li Ferrari thaum PoW zoo li tus nees thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm kev pom kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Ob lub network muaj kev cuam tshuam rau 51% kev tawm tsam, nrog PoS muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua. Hauv 51% kev tawm tsam ntawm PoS, ib lub koom haum yuav tsum tswj hwm feem ntau ntawm kev suav lub zog ntawm lub network, uas yuav tso cai rau lawv los tswj hwm lub blockchain. Qhov no tau dhau los ua tsis yooj yim rau Bitcoin vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsuas thiab qhov loj ntawm lub network.
51% kev tawm tsam ntawm PoS network tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm ib tus neeg yuav khoom ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov nyiaj npib thiab dhau los ua tus neeg siv tau, nrog rau cov tes hauj lwm me me PoS yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws.
Kuj tseem muaj kev thuam tawm tsam PoW nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mining los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb raws li peb tau pom nrog kev nce ntawm "kev lag luam mining monopolies," uas inherently txo qis decentralization ntawm Bitcoin network. Lwm cov haujlwm PoW xws li Ravencoin, Firo, Epic Cash, thiab lwm tus tau zam qhov no los ntawm kev sib txuas ua haujlwm qhov chaw mining tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev yooj yim, nrog cov thev naus laus zis ua ASIC-resistant los tiv thaiv kev ua liaj ua teb mining, raws li peb pom nrog Bitcoin.
Okay, txaus ntaus ntawm PoW, cia peb tig lub rooj ntawm PoS
Peb paub tias qee qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws yog tias PoS yog tus nqi ntau dua thiab xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua thaum hloov pauv tau yooj yim. Raws li kuv tau qhia saum toj no, qhov yooj yim ntawm PoS systems yog ob-edged ntaj vim tsis muaj qhov tseeb txog yav tom ntej tokenomics. Peb paub tias Bitcoin muaj cov khoom ruaj khov, uas yog lub zog, tab sis tom qab ntawd peb pom Ethereum ua haujlwm hloov kho thiab hloov pauv tas li, yog li Ethereum uas peb ntseeg niaj hnub no, yuav tsis yog Ethereum uas peb ntseeg yav tom ntej yog tias txoj cai hloov pauv.
Hauv tech, muaj qee yam hu ua Lindy Effect, lossis Lindy's Law. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim theorized tias qhov ntev ib yam dab tsi muaj sia nyob, qhov siab dua qhov yuav nyob ib puag ncig yav tom ntej. Hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, qhov no yog nyob ib puag ncig 10-xyoo cim, yog tias lub tshuab muaj peev xwm muaj sia nyob tau kaum xyoo, nws yuav muaj zog nyob. Vim Ethereum qhov kev hloov pauv tas li, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog tib yam li nws yog thaum nws yog PoS, ua rau Bitcoin thiab Litecoin yog ob qho khoom siv digital loj uas tau mus txog qhov tseem ceeb no.
Centralization yog qhov kev thuam tseem ceeb ntau tus neeg tawm suab PoW tau tawm tsam PoS kev pom zoo. PoS tau tsim los kom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev faib tawm, tab sis ntau qhov haujlwm tau ua pov thawj tias nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no yog vim cov validators nrog cov ceg txheem ntseeg loj muaj lub caij nyoog ntau dua ntawm kev xaiv los tsim cov blocks tshiab thiab siv tau cov kev hloov pauv, ua rau lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua hauv lub network.
Cov validators loj dua kuj tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ntawm swaying pov ntawv tawm suab hauv cov lus pom zoo rau ntau qhov haujlwm thiab. Tsis yog decentralized heev yog nws tsuas siv ib los yog ob tug validators sway pov npav ntawm ib qhov project. Peb tsis ntev los no tau pom qhov no tshwm sim nrog Uniswap zej zog kev pov npav los yog tsis tso Uniswap ntawm Binance saw. Lub tuam txhab venture A16z muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov txiaj ntsig pov npav hauv qhov yuav tsum yog ib qho kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm.
Kev pheej hmoo kev nyab xeeb yog lwm qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm PoS. Kev pheej hmoo xws li qhov teeb meem "Tsis muaj dab tsi-ntawm-Stake", qhov twg cov neeg pov npav tuaj yeem pov npav rau ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yam tsis muaj kev nplua yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lub network. Kuj tseem muaj qhov "kev tawm tsam ntev" qhov kev txhawj xeeb uas cov neeg tawm tsam tuaj yeem siv lawv cov ceg txheem ntseeg qub los txhim kho lub blockchain thiab ua txhaum kev lag luam.
Ib qho kev thaiv siab rau kev nkag mus kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv nruab nrab, vim qee lub network xav tau cov neeg siv khoom siv los tuav cov nyiaj ntau ntawm cov crypto los ua tus neeg siv tau, nrog rau qee qhov haujlwm xav tau cov neeg siv khoom siv los tuav lub siab 6-tus nqi ntawm crypto.
Tom qab ntawd muaj teeb meem kev tswj hwm nrog PoS ib yam nkaus, nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab, tsis muaj kev pom tseeb thiab kev lav phib xaub tag nrho tau pom hauv PoS cov phiaj xwm crypto thaum muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ib puag ncig yuav tsum tswj hwm li cas.
Lub tswv yim tias kev ruaj ntseg hauv PoS systems feem ntau txhawb nqa vim tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv lub network tsis txaus rau qee tus neeg thuam los ntseeg cov txheej txheem no vim tias nyiaj tsis yog ib qho kev txhawb siab txaus. Koj xav ntau npaum li cas lub tuam txhab zoo li Google yuav kam hlawv kom tshem tawm cov neeg sib tw loj? Tsuas yog ib yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Vim li cas Cryptocurrencies xav tau ntawv pov thawj?
Cryptocurrencies siv lub kaw lus hu ua "pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm" lossis "pov thawj-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg" raws li lawv cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo los tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias thiab ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub network. Cov neeg siv yuav tsum ua kom pom tias lawv tau nqis peev qee qhov kev siv zog hauv lub network lossis tau koom nrog qee yam hauv nws. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cryptocurrency tes hauj lwm, yuav tsum muaj pov thawj.
PoW Adoption vs PoS Adoption
Pov thawj-ntawm-Ua haujlwm yog thawj qhov kev pom zoo algorithm siv hauv blockchain tes hauj lwm thiab tseem tau txais kev pom zoo, nrog rau ntau qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws blockchain tes hauj lwm siv PoW kom siv tau cov kev hloov pauv.
Txawm li cas los xij, Pov Thawj-of-Stake tau txais kev muaj koob npe nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau ntau tus blockchain tes hauj lwm txais yuav PoS kev pom zoo algorithm. Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab tau xaiv los tsim siv PoS dhau PoW, nrog qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PoS tes hauj lwm suav nrog Cardano, Polkadot, Solana, Avalanche, NEAR, thiab Binance Smart Chain.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev loj hlob ntawm PoS yog qhov tseeb tias nws muaj ntau qhov zoo dua PoW, xws li kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua, muaj peev xwm loj dua, thiab txo cov nqi kho vajtse. Tsis tas li ntawd, PoS tes hauj lwm tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim dua, vim tias kev hloov pauv rau kev pom zoo tuaj yeem siv los ntawm kev hloov kho software, tsis yog yuav tsum tau siv rab rawg nyuaj.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg tawm tswv yim rau PoW sib cav tias qhov zoo ntawm PoS tsis tsim nyog rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev faib tawm ntau dua. PoW yog qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau dua thiab ua pov thawj, raws li nws tau siv hauv thawj thiab loj tshaj plaws blockchain network, Bitcoin, rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. PoW tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau kev hem thawj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj tsawg dua kev tawm tsam ntau dua li PoS.
Kev txiav txim zaum kawg, Qhov twg zoo dua: Pov Thawj-ntawm-Stake lossis Pov Thawj-ntawm-Ua Haujlwm?
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ob lub tshuab muaj lawv lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog, qhov no zoo li nug, "dab tsi zoo dua, lub tsheb lossis lub dav hlau?" Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, lub tsheb tsis zoo rau kev taug kev hla dej hiav txwv, thiab xav txog yog tias peb txhua tus yuav tsum ya dav hlau mus rau peb lub khw muag khoom noj hauv zos kom tau khoom noj.
Thaum Pov Thawj-ntawm-Kev Ua Haujlwm feem ntau muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thiab kev faib tawm, nws kuj tuaj nrog qee qhov kev lag luam hnyav, feem ntau nws lub zog suav thiab tsis muaj qhov scalability nrog kev lag luam tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig.
Thaum Pov Thawj-of-Stake tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm scalability thiab cov nqi sib pauv, PoS systems raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev pheej hmoo hauv nruab nrab thiab cov algorithm tsis tau txheeb xyuas kom ruaj ntseg li PoW.
Tej zaum qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm PoS yog tus naj npawb ntawm censored muas peb tau pom raws li peb pom siab li 73% ntawm Ethereum kev lag luam raug censored vim tsis ua raws li OFAC. Censorship thiab centralization yog qhov antitheses ntawm dab tsi cryptocurrency tau tsim rau, thiab ntau PoS cryptocurrencies poob rau hauv lub kaus no.
Cov kws txiav txim plaub tseem tawm ntawm qhov twg mechanism yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab ob qho tib si mechanisms tseem hloov zuj zus thiab nce mus, raws li kev siv tshuab ib txwm ua. Nws zoo li tias ob qho tib si yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev los ua txheej txheej ob txoj kev daws teeb meem thiab cov kev hloov pauv tshiab PoS xws li Delegated Proof-of-Stake, Leased Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-History, thiab lwm tus tau txais kev pom zoo thiab nce mus ntxiv. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab txhim kho, yuav ua li cas peb siv nws.
Ntawm no kuv yuav sau txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus thiab koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej yog Pov Thawj-of-Work lossis Pov Thawj-of-Stake yog qhov zoo tshaj.
Ntawv pov thawj-of-Work
- Pov thawj kev ruaj ntseg taug qab cov ntaub ntawv & Txhawb kev decentralization
- Kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau Sybil thiab 51% tawm tsam nyob ntawm qhov project
- Txhawb nqa lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab muab cov nqi qis tshaj plaws rau kev siv mining
- Muab cov qib siab ntawm qhov tseeb los ntawm kev kwv yees & Kev hloov kho nyuaj ua kom lub network ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqi sib xws
- Muaj peev xwm muab kev ncaj ncees faib nyiaj npib rau cov miners
- Ntau cov nyiaj npib ua haujlwm tuaj yeem rub tawm hauv tsev nrog cov khoos phis tawj yooj yim
cons
- Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau rau ntau lub network
- Tsawg dua scalable dua PoS & feem ntau qeeb kev lag luam hla dhau thiab sij hawm sib hais
- Yuav ua tsawg decentralized li mining centralizes
- Cov kev cai kho vajtse tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev nkag rau cov miners
- Yooj yim rau kev siv cov kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho rau lub network
- Qee lub network muaj kev cuam tshuam rau 51% kev tawm tsam
Ntawv pov thawj-of-Ceg Txheem Ntseeg
- Kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua PoW
- Kev ua tau zoo heev & tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus nqi qis
- Siab kawg
- Yuav txo tau mining centralization vim txo cov khoom siv kho vajtse
- Ntau yooj yim upgradeable thiab adaptable
cons
- Cov neeg muaj feem coob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj
- Kev lag luam tuaj yeem censored yooj yim dua
- Kev nyab xeeb txaus ntshai los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov saw hlau & ntau qhov kev tawm tsam vectors los siv ntau dua li PoW
- Kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag kom coj ncaj ncees yuav tsis txaus rau kev ruaj ntseg
- Kev pov npav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg koom tes siab dua, tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm oligarchy-style.
- Tseem tsis tau muaj kev sim siab thiab ua pov thawj ntawm qhov loj xws li PoW
- Ntau qhov cuam tshuam rau 51% kev tawm tsam ntawm cov phiaj xwm me me
Cov Lus Nug
Puas yog ETH Pov Thawj-ntawm-Ua Haujlwm lossis Pov Thawj-ntawm-Stake?
Ethereum pib ua Pov Thawj-ntawm-Kev Ua Haujlwm tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Pov Thawj-ntawm-Stake hauv 2022 hauv ib qho kev tshwm sim hu ua "Lub Merge"
Vim li cas PoW zoo dua PoS?
Feem ntau hais lus, PoW muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab txhawb nqa kev faib tawm ntau dua li PoS. Muaj qee qhov kev zam rau txoj cai no.
Vim li cas PoS zoo dua PoW?
Feem ntau hais lus, PoS muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua li PoW thiab muaj kev lag luam zoo dua, nrog kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua thiab cov nqi qis dua. Ib zaug ntxiv, muaj kev zam rau txoj cai no nyob ntawm tus crypto network.