Aptos Yang'anani 2025: Wotsatira Solana Killer?

Pali nkhani ziwiri zodziwika bwino za kulimbikitsa scalability mu blockchain know-how. Tsopano tili ndi layer 2 scalability poyambira. Ma protocol a Layer 2 amatsutsa {kuti} mawonekedwe osinthika amalola zigawo kuti zigwirizane ndi madera ofunikira payekhapayekha, zomwe zimatsogolera ku magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kuposa kapangidwe ka monolithic.

Magawo ambiri amtundu wa 1 amatsutsana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Ena apereka njira zatsopano zosinthira ndikusunga zachilengedwe zomwe zikuyenda bwino m'njira yawoyawo. Pakhala pali njira ziwiri za blockchain zomwe zikupita maso ndi maso pofika chaka cha 2022. Protocol yolemekezeka kwambiri ya Solana idakwaniritsa scalability yachiwiri ndi Umboni wa Mbiri yakale yogwirizana. Chidutswa cha Decrypt cha February 2022 chinalankhula za protocol ina yomwe ikubwera ndi 1 yomwe idatsika ndikumenya Solana pamasewera ake. Aptos blockchain, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Solana Killer" ndi crypto degens, idachokera ku Meta (yomwe kale inali Fb) ndikupanga mitu yankhani zake zomwe zachitika posachedwa. 

Lembali liwunikanso gulu la Aptos Community, lomwe lipoti loyera likunena kuti lili ndi mapangidwe ochezeka kwambiri a blockchain mpaka pano, tiyeni tiwone zomwe hype ikunena!

Chidule cha Aptos Community

Aptos blockchain ndi wosanjikiza 1, gulu lomwe si la EVM lomwe limapereka kuwopsa kwambiri. Imatengera AptosBFT, Umboni wa Stake BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerant) injini yogwirizana. Aptos imapangidwa pachilankhulo cha Transfer programming, yomwe idapangidwira ntchito ya Meta's Diem. Ntchito yosinthidwanso ya Aptos Community yapeza ndalama zoposa $350 miliyoni kudzera mumagulu angapo andalama motsogozedwa ndi a16z, Soar Crypto, ndi Circle Ventures.

Pansipa pali zosankha zingapo zomwe Aptos Community amapereka:

• Chilankhulo chosinthira - Aptos blockchain imathandizira chilankhulo cha Transfer. Dziko la Aptos blockchain limadalira malamulo omwe ali mkati mwa Transfer object mannequin. Ndi Transfer, gulu la Aptos limalola kuphedwa mwachangu komanso kuwunika mwachangu komanso kotetezeka.
• Aptos blockchain imatha kuphatikizika, mapaipi, ndi kufananiza kachitidwe kawo kuti apereke kutulutsa kochulukirapo komanso kutsika kochepa pakati pa otsimikizira.
• Kukonzekera kofananirako pa Aptos kungathenso kuchita zinthu movutikira ndipo sikusokoneza ma atomiki.
• Aptos imapereka njira zazikulu zoyendetsera ntchito ndi chidule cha kusaina chisanadze.
• Njira yopangira ma modular imalola kukweza molunjika kwa module komanso kusinthika. Owerengera amatha kuwopseza pamlingo wazinthu, kulola kuyesa kowonjezereka kwa mapangano omveka.
• Aptos blockchain imatha kukula mopingasa ndi sharding.

Mbiri yakale ya Aptos Community

Ntchito pa Aptos Community sinayambe kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndi zotsatira za zaka zingapo zowunikira ndikuwongolera pansi pa Meta, pomwe idachitikapo maulendo angapo akukonzanso ndikukonzanso zolinga. 

Ngakhale gulu la Aptos blockchain mainnet lidakhala mu Okutobala 2022, mizu yake imatsogoleranso ku zoyeserera za Meta blockchain mu 2018. Nayi kubwereza kwa zochitika zomwe zidapangitsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Aptos:

1. Mwina 2018 - Kukhazikitsa kwa Fb blockchain: David Marcus, wachiwiri kwa wapampando wamkulu wapa media media pa pulogalamu yake yochezera ya Messenger, adayambitsa njira yatsopano ya blockchain pansi pa kasamalidwe kake patsamba lake la Fb.  

"Pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi zinayi zopindulitsa kwambiri zomwe zikutsogolera Mtumiki, ndaganiza kuti inali nthawi yoti nditenge vuto latsopano. Ndikukhazikitsa gulu laling'ono kuti lifufuze momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino blockchain kudutsa Facebook, kuyambira pachiyambi, "- David Marcus.

1. June 2019 - Kulengeza kwa Venture Libra: Fb idavumbulutsa Venture Libra molumikizana ndi Andreessen Horowitz, Visa, ndi Uber. Malingaliro komanso odziwa kumbuyo kwa Libra anali kuthandiza dongosolo lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi chidziwitso cha blockchain. Mishoniyi idawonetsa Libra stablecoin yomangidwa ndi dengu la ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi, zoyendetsedwa ndi Libra Affiliation, monga greenback, mapaundi, euro, Swiss franc, ndi yen.
2. Chilankhulo chosinthira mapulogalamu: Libra Affiliation idalimbikitsa nsanja yotseguka ya blockchain yoyendetsedwa ndi chilankhulo chawo cha Transfer programming, yopangidwira kukonza bwino kwa mgwirizano mkati mwa chilengedwe cha Libra.
3. Okutobala 2019 - Kutuluka kwa mamembala ofunikira ku Libra Affiliation: Kutsatira kuwunika pafupipafupi, mabwenzi ofunikira monga PayPal, Mastercard, ndi Visa adatuluka ku Libra. Owongolera adatchula mfundo zokhudzana ndi KYC/AML ndi Libra, kuthekera kwake kusokoneza misika yandalama komanso US Greenback kusunga ndalama zakunja.
4. Epulo 2020 - Kusinthanso ndikusintha kwaukadaulo: Zopinga zowongolera zidakakamiza Libra kuti asinthe ndi kuchepetsa. Monga cholowa m'malo mwa stablecoin yapadziko lonse lapansi, ogwira nawo ntchito adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito pachilankhulo cha Transfer kuti apange gulu landalama za digito.
5. Disembala 2020 - Kusintha kupita ku Diem: Kusintha kwa dzina la Diem kunayimira chiyambi chamasiku ano cha mishoni. Kusamutsa kunapitilira ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamishoni komanso gulu la blockchain.
6. 2021 - Zovuta zowongolera zikupitilira: Kaya rebranding, Diem anapitiriza kulimbana ndi owongolera, amene akhala nawo cryptocurrency ochepa kuthamanga pa anthu ammudzi ndipo komabe anafuna okhwima KYC okhudzana kutsatiridwa kwa makasitomala ammudzi. Polephera kunyamuka, Diem asankha kulimbikitsa zinthu zake, kuphatikiza chilankhulo cha Transfer.
7. 2022 - Maziko a Aptos Labs: Omanga akale a Diem Mo Shaikh ndi Avery Ching adakhazikitsa Aptos Labs. Amalengeza Aptos Community, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha Transfer chopangidwira Diem. Aptos imayang'ana kwambiri scalability, chitetezo, ndi mtengo, ndicholinga chothana ndi zolepheretsa zingapo zamapulatifomu a blockchain.

Aptos mu Mbiri Yakale Yakale

Ndi kuchepetsedwa kotheratu pakukhazikika pakutha kwa chilankhulo cha Transfer, Aptos blockchain pomaliza idapeza bwino pambuyo posinthanso dzina lake komaliza. Kuyambira pamenepo yapanga zopambana zingapo pakudziwitsa za blockchain ndikukhazikitsa mayanjano otchuka:

1. Novembala 2022 - Mgwirizano ndi Google Cloud: Polengeza, Aptos Labs adagawana kuti Google Cloud ikugwira ntchito yovomerezeka pa Aptos patatha milungu itatu kukhazikitsidwa kwa mainnet. Mgwirizanowu udaphatikizapo kusaina Google Cloud kuti Apto achite bwino kwambiri.
2. Marichi 2023 - Aptos Software Growth Package (SDK): Aptos SDK idapangidwa kuti izithandizira omanga masewera a Web3 pa Unity kulola kuyanjana kochokera ku blockchain komanso kuwonekera. 
3. Mwina 2023 - Kupititsa patsogolo scalability ndi Narwhal: Aptos Labs adavumbulutsa Quorum Retailer, kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa Narwhal mempool protocol. Quorum Retailer adasokoneza chidziwitso chokhudza kutsatsa ndi kuyitanitsa, kulola otsimikizira kuti agwirizanitse chidziwitso ndi atsogoleri limodzi, ndikupititsa patsogolo kuchedwa kwa anthu.
4. Ogasiti 2023 - Aptos ndi mgwirizano wa Microsoft: Woyambitsa nawo Aptos Mo Shaikh, adawulula kusakanikirana kwa Microsoft's Azure OpenAI Service mu Aptos Community, zomwe akuti zipangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti anthu apeze Web3 ndikupanga gawo lotsatira la intaneti.
5. Okutobala 2023 - Graffio achita bwino pakulera: Graffio ndiye pulogalamu yayikulu yochezera pa Aptos. Ogwira ntchitoyo akuti polengeza kuti a Dapp adawona zolembetsa za 600K m'maiko 173 m'maola 24 okha.

Transfer Programming Language

Transfer, chinenero chomveka chokonzekera mgwirizano chopangidwira Aptos blockchain, chimatsindika chitetezo ndi kusinthasintha. Kujambula kudzoza kuchokera ku dzimbiri, Transfer imapangitsa kukhala ndi chidziwitso kukhala chodziwika bwino kudzera mumalingaliro ngati mizere. Transfer object mannequin ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakuyimira ledger ya Aptos, pomwe Transfer code, yomwe ili ndi ma module, imayang'anira maziko a kusintha kwa boma. Ma module awa ndi ofunikira pazochita zosiyanasiyana, monga kusindikiza ma module atsopano, kukweza omwe alipo, kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe olowera ma module, kapena zolemba zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ma module.

Transfer ecosystem imaphatikizapo compiler, makina adijito, ndi zida zomangirira kwambiri. Mapangidwe ake amayang'ana kwambiri kuchepa kwazinthu zofunikira, kusungidwa, ndi kasamalidwe ka zolowera. Njirayi imawonetsetsa kuti magwero ngati ndalama amayendetsedwa bwino, kuyimitsa malo ngati kuwononga kawiri. Ma module osinthira amalongosola mosamalitsa za moyo, kusungirako, ndi njira zolowera, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chonse cha anthu ammudzi.

Kapangidwe ka Transfer imachitanso gawo lofunikira mkati mwa magwiridwe antchito a Aptos blockchain, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira maakaunti amunthu, zomwe zili mkati mwake, ndi kasinthidwe ka gulu la on-chain, monga mayunitsi ovomerezeka ndi katundu wokhazikika. Thandizo lachilankhulo pakukweza kwa module komanso mawonekedwe ake osinthika amathandizira zosintha zosasinthika ndikusintha kwa Aptos blockchain, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ake komanso magwiridwe antchito a zero-downtime.

Makamaka, gulu la Aptos lakulitsa luso la Transfer kuti likwaniritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana za web3, kuphatikiza kuthandizira ma NFTs ndi ma DAOs kudzera mu kasamalidwe koyenera kazinthu ndikuphatikiza ma dataseti akulu mkati mwa akaunti imodzi. Kasamalidwe kabwino ka blockchain kothandiza kasamalidwe kabwino sikungothandizira kufananiza koma kumatsimikiziranso kufunika kokhazikika pakulowetsa chidziwitso ndikusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, Aptos imalola maakaunti ogawana kapena odziyimira pawokha, oyimiridwa kwathunthu pamaketani, kulola magwiridwe antchito a DAO ndi zosonkhanitsa zambiri zothandiza.

Ukatswiri wa Munthu wa Aptos ndi Chitetezo

Gulu la Aptos limapereka njira zingapo zachitetezo cha anthu komanso mwayi wopezeka kuti zithandizire kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe zachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito ndi kusasinthika kwazomwe zimachitika pa unyolo. Pansipa pali zosankha zofunika zachitetezo zomwe zimaperekedwa mkati mwa Aptos Community:

• Chitetezo chotheka kuchitapo kanthu: Munthu akawonetsa zomwe wachita, ayenera kusankha bwino blockchain ndi kuchuluka kwamayendedwe oyenera, nthawi yonse yotha ntchito, komanso ndi chizindikiritso cha unyolo. Kugulitsako kuyenera kukwaniritsa izi zonse kuti musankhe blockchain.
• Kayendetsedwe ka makiyi otengera kusamutsa: Aptos imathandizira njira zingapo zoyendetsera unyolo. Izi zikuphatikiza kupatsa mwayi wotsimikizira kuti asinthe makiyi ake ndikupereka mphamvu zosinthira makiyi kwa angapo oyang'anira kapena mabungwe ena odalirika. Kusamutsa kumathandizanso kusintha kosinthika kosinthika mothandizidwa ndi ma module osamutsa.
• Kuwonetsetsa kuwonekeratu kwakusaina kusanachitike: Aptos imapereka muyeso woyeserera usanachitike womwe umafotokozera munthuyo zotsatira zake zomwe zachitika kale kuposa momwe amasonyezera kuti azitha kuwona ngati zotsatira zake zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zawo. 
• Ma protocol osavuta ogwiritsira ntchito: Kuti aletse ogulitsa API kuti asabweretse chidziwitso cholakwika kapena cholakwika, Aptos imapereka maumboni aboma ndi ma protocol otsimikizira ogula opepuka omwe ma wallet ndi ogula angagwiritse ntchito kutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa chidziwitso chomwe gulu lachitatu losadalirika limapereka.

Aptos Community Efficiency Improvements

Aptos blockchain imafalikira mu magawo osiyanasiyana. Miyezo monga kuyitanitsa ma transaction, batching, ndi kuphana ndizosakondera ndipo zimatha kuyenda mofanana. Kusinthika kwamaphunziro a blockchain kumapereka maubwino ofunikira monga kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kukwera kogwirizana komanso kuchepa kwa zovuta zaukadaulo. Gawo lililonse pa Aptos limatha kufananizidwa. Pomwepo pali chochitika chotere:

• Zochita zopirira komanso zovomerezeka zimakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka wa ovomerezeka pamodzi ndi iwo mkati mwa chipikacho. Ogula amadziwitsidwa ngati malondawo ali ndi gulu losankhidwa.
• Moyenera kuposa okonzeka kuti otsimikizira amalize kupha patali, ogula atha kukhala odziwa zinthu zotere zikalamulidwa. Kenako, adzawagwiritsa ntchito kunyumba ndikuchepetsa kuchedwa kuti azindikire zomwe zachitika.
• Ogula atha kusankha kuti apite kukachita malonda omwe ali ndi zilolezo ndi ovomerezeka ndikuchita kulumikizana ndi boma pazotsatira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa.

Mapangidwe a modular amathandizira kuwongolera mwachangu, chifukwa omanga amatha kuyesetsa kusintha ma module amunthu m'malo mwa kukweza zonse.

Zokambirana Zachigawo

Kukonzekera kwa batch ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolimbikitsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma Aptos blockchain validators. Zochita zimalowa mu blockchain kudzera mwa otsimikizira. Wotsimikizira aliyense amafalitsa chidziwitso kwa wotsimikizira aliyense wosiyanasiyana kuti akhale ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chotheka kuchita zowunika zachitetezo mkati mwa mgwirizano, womwe umatchedwa. kufalitsa malonda. 

M'gulu la Aptos Community, wotsimikizira aliyense amaphatikiza zomwe akuyenera kuphatikizira mkati mwa blockchain m'magulu nthawi yonse yofalitsa. Maguluwo amasakanizidwa kukhala midadada nthawi yonse yogwirizana. Kulola njira zina kuti zikonzenso zochitika ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito, kupha, kusunga, ndi ziphaso zamaleja zimagwiranso ntchito m'magulu.

Kufalitsa Zokhazikika Zokhazikika

M'njira yofalitsa ngati Ethereum, kufalitsa ndi gawo la mgwirizano, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti mgwirizano suyamba mpaka onse ovomerezeka atapeza chidziwitso chochepa cha chidziwitso kuti atenge nawo mbali mu mgwirizano. Kufalitsa kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso ku ma node onse ovomerezeka kumatenga nthawi, Gulu la Aptos lili ndi zina.

Njira yofalitsira ntchitoyo idachotsedwa pa mgwirizano mkati mwa Aptos Community. Ovomerezeka amagawira magulu obwereketsa kwa wina ndi mzake mobwerezabwereza kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu ammudzi nthawi zonse akugwira ntchito pachimake. Ovomerezeka amawonetsa maguluwo pamene akuwafalitsa mdera lonse.

Ambiri mwa ovomerezeka odalirika akangowonjezera siginecha zawo ku gulu losankhidwa, amadziwika kuti adapanga. Umboni Wopezeka (PoAv), kutsimikizira kuti gulu la zochitikazo zikhoza kupezeka pa nthawi ya kuphedwa, zomwe zimabwera pambuyo pa kuyitanitsa batch ndi mgwirizano.

Aptos Blockchain Block Knowledge Kuyitanitsa

Consensus ndiye chinthu chotenga nthawi kwambiri mu Umboni wa Stake blockchain. The Aptos blockchain imachepetsa nthawi yomwe idayikidwa munjira yogwirizana pochotsa zochitika zilizonse zomwe zilibe mapangano ovomerezeka, monga kufalitsa, kugulitsa, kusungirako, ndi chiphaso cha ledger kuchokera ku mgwirizano. Pochotsa njirazi, mgwirizano umadya bandwidth yochepa kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yofulumira.

Aptos Blockchain imagwiritsa ntchito injini ya DiemBFTv4 yogwirizana. M'munsimu muli ena mwa makhalidwe ake odziwika:

• Imasintha mwamphamvu kuti ikhale ndi zotsimikizira zolakwika zomwe zimakhala ndi makina ozungulira kutsogolo omwe amalimbikitsa kutenga nawo gawo ndikutsitsa omwe satenga nawo gawo.
• Kugulitsa zovomerezeka zogwirira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira bwino ntchito, kumapereka maziko olimbikitsira, komanso kumachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa otsimikizira omwe alephera pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi latency.
• Imawonetsetsa kuti blockchain imakhalabe yacholinga komanso yotetezedwa mpaka mtengo wodalirika wodalirika umakhala wokulirapo kuposa nthawi za 3 kuchuluka kwa ovomerezeka opanda pake.

Parallel Transaction Execution

M'gawo loyambirira, tidazindikira momwe Aptos blockchain imafalitsira magulu amgulu lonse ndipo pambuyo pake amayitanitsa bwino. Mukangolamulidwa, wotsimikizira aliyense, node yonse, kapena ogula atha kuchita izi.

Tidazindikiranso kuti Gulu la Aptos siliyembekezera kuti onse otsimikizira kuti apeze chidziwitso chonse cha zochitikazo kuti apititse patsogolo mgwirizano. Chifukwa cha izi, pakhoza kukhalanso nthawi yomwe node yosankhidwa siyikhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuti achite. Popeza kufalitsa malonda kumakhala kosasunthika, ovomerezeka ena pamapeto pake adzalandira magulu amalonda pakapita nthawi. 

Ngati wovomerezeka wodalirika sanapeze zambiri zazomwe adalamulidwa munthawi yake, zitha kuzipeza kuchokera kwa otsimikizira odalirika osiyanasiyana. Chigwirizanocho chimatsimikizira kuti osachepera 2f + 1 ovomerezeka omwe amayezedwa (malo 'f' akuyimira ovomerezeka opanda pake) akhoza kulowa nawo chidziwitso chofunikira.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Aptos blockchain ndizochezeka ndi chilengedwe ntchito yofananira, yomwe imapita patsogolo kuchokera ku chidziwitso chake cha mannequin ndi injini yopha.

Kudziwa Zofanana Mannequin

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mofanana ndi yakuti zochitika zomwe sizimakhudza dziko la wina ndi mzake zikhoza kuchitidwa mofanana. Mwachitsanzo, kugulitsana pakati pa Bob ndi Invoice ndi Jack ndi Jill ndizosiyana. Maakaunti ndi chidziwitso chokhazikika sichiphatikizana ndipo zitha kuchitidwa ndi anthu munjira imodzi. Mapangidwe a blockchain a Aptos atha kuthandizira kutsatana ngakhale zosinthazo zisintha mawonekedwe omwewo a pa unyolo. Imakonza zochitika zonse molumikizana ndipo imapanga zotsatizana zongobwereza zobwereza za maunyolo. Monga cholowa m'malo mwa kukonzanso zikhalidwe pambuyo pa kugulitsa kulikonse, zimagwiritsa ntchito zotsatizana zonse mwachindunji, kupulumutsa nthawi yokonza.

Parallel Execution Engine

Aptos blockchain yatumiza injini yophatikizira ya Block-STM kuti igwire ntchito limodzi. Mu blockchain, kuphedwa kofanana kumatha kukhala kovuta. Kusamvana kumabwera pamene zochitika ziwiri zomwe poyamba zinkaganiziridwa kuti ndizosiyana ndi injini yakupha zimatsimikiziranso zina zilizonse. 

Block-STM imagwira ntchito mofanana ndikuwatsimikizira pambuyo pa kuphedwa. Kutsimikizira kosapambana kumabweretsa mikangano, yomwe imayambitsa kuphanso. Chifukwa cha izi, injini yowonjezera yofananira imatha kuchepetsa mikangano, malo owonjezera omwe amapeza pochita nawo zinthu limodzi.

Mkati mwa pepala loyera la Aptos, olemba adalengeza kuti Block-STM inali nthawi 8-16 posachedwa kuposa injini zotsatizana zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi antchito awo. Kuphatikiza apo amalengeza kuti injini yawo imatha kutulutsa kufanana kwantchito iliyonse popanda zolowa zina kuchokera kwa munthu, mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri womwe injini zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka pamsika zimasowa.

Pambuyo pa gawo loyitanitsa chidziwitso cha block, injini ya Block-STM imatha kukonzanso zochitika m'malo angapo kuti zikwaniritse mgwirizano kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zimafunikira kuti kukonzanso kuyenera kukhala kotsimikizika mwa onse odalirika ovomerezeka. Whitepaper imanenanso kuti kuyitanitsa uku kumalepheretsa njira zotsika mtengo (MEV).

State Synchronization

Kulunzanitsa kwa boma kumatanthawuza wogula wopepuka, wotsimikizira, kapena nodi yonse yosintha mbiri yake yakale kukhala momwe blockchain ilili. Dera limapereka njira yolumikizirana ndi boma kuti ifalitse, kutsimikizira, ndi chidziwitso cha fayilo ya blockchain kuti ipereke kuchulukirachulukira, kachitidwe kocheperako kwa anthu onse mkati mwa chilengedwe cha Aptos.

Kukula kwa kulumikizana kwa boma kumatha kusiyana pakati pa anthu a blockchain. Mwachitsanzo, node yonse ikhoza kusungira mbiri yakale ya blockchain chifukwa cha genesis block, pomwe node yopepuka imatha kungokhala ndi mitu yamadamu. 

Aptos amalola njira zogwirizanitsira zamayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso kukonza zochitika zonse pazifukwa zomwe genesis kapena kudumpha zakale kuti zisungidwe zaposachedwa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi ma waypoints. Aptos imalola anthu kuti asinthe kuchuluka ndi zaka za chidziwitso kuti atenge, kutsata, ndi kusunga.

Malamulo

The Aptos blockchain imatsatira njira yosinthira pang'onopang'ono yokhudzana ndi malingaliro, kukhazikitsa, kuyesa, ndi kutumiza, ndi malingaliro owuziridwa. Kutumizaku kumakhala ndi njira ziwiri zotsimikizira kuti zimagwirizana komanso zimatenga masiku angapo kwa ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Zosankha zatsopano zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana makamaka kutengera kuchuluka kwa block kapena kusintha kwa nthawi, pakachitika zadzidzidzi kulola kusintha kwa bukhu lamanja kapena, mopitilira muyeso, foloko yolimba.

Mosiyana ndi ma blockchains osiyanasiyana, Aptos imagulitsa masinthidwe ake pa unyolo, ndikuwongolera kukweza kosasunthika komanso nthawi yomweyo. Ulamuliro wapa unyolo umalola omwe ali ndi ma token kuti avotere pakukweza, kupereka kusinthasintha. Njira yovota pagulu komanso yotsimikizika iyi imathandiza kuti pakhale zotsatira zosagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu. Ulamuliro wapa unyolo umagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yonseyi, kuphatikiza kuvota pamasinthidwe a siginecha, kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa, kukweza kwa ma validator, ndi kuyambitsa kudzera pakusintha kwa unyolo.

Monga nsanja yotseguka, Aptos imadalira malingaliro amagulu ndi kayendetsedwe ka unyolo kuti aziwongolera bwino. Ngakhale kukweza kwa off-chain kutha kuchitika munthawi zina, kuyesayesa kumapangidwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwawo pakapita nthawi.

Pakapita nthawi, utsogoleri wapa-chain ukhoza kutumizidwa pamayendedwe onse owongolera. Whitepaper imapereka chitsanzo chotsatira:

1. Omwe ali ndi ma token amavotera pamndandanda zakusintha kupita ku siginecha yatsopano yolimbana ndi kuchuluka.
2. Omanga amakhazikitsa ndikutsimikizira siginecha yatsopano ndikupanga pulogalamu yatsopano yoyambitsa pulogalamu.
3. Ovomerezeka amawongolera pulogalamu yawo yamapulogalamu kuti ikhale yatsopano.
4. Omwe ali ndi ma tokeni amavotera pa unyolo kuti alole siginecha yatsopano, kasinthidwe ka unyolo ndi waposachedwa, ndipo kusinthaku kumakhudza.

Aptos Community Consensus

The Aptos Community consensus imagwira ntchito pa algorithm yogwirizana yomwe imadziwika kuti AptosBFT. Ndilo umboni wa Byzantine wololera zolakwika wa Stake consensus algorithm yomwe imatha kulekerera gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu a ovomerezeka osakhulupirika. Chifukwa chake, pamtundu uliwonse wa 'f' wachinyengo, anthu ammudzi amafuna kuti osachepera 3f + 1 otsimikizira odalirika agwire ntchito molondola.

Mamembala ali ndi chidwi APT zizindikiro kumamatira njira yogwirizana. Mmodzi atha kutenga nawo mbali pazogwirizana ngati mfundo zonse pokwaniritsa zofunikira za anthu ammudzi kapena kupereka zizindikiro zawo kumalo osiyanasiyana kuti atenge nawo mbali mosasamala. Pali maudindo atatu okhazikika mgulu la Aptos:

• Mwini: Awa ndi maakaunti omwe ma tokeni a APT anu. Adzayika zizindikiro zawo nthawi yomweyo kapena kuzipereka kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.
• Ogwiritsa: Ndiwotsimikizira ma node onse omwe amatenga nawo gawo mu mgwirizano wa PoS. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuyika zizindikiro zawo za APT kapena kukhala ndi eni nyumba kuti agawire ma tokeni awo. Eni nyumba amasunga ndalama zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, kuyika, kapena kuchotsera ma tokeni omwe apatsidwa.
• Ovota: Awa ndi mabungwe omwe amatenga nawo gawo pazolinga zaulamuliro wa Aptos. Amagwira ntchito mofanana ngati ogwira ntchito.

Anthu ammudzi amasankha kutsogolo kuti madziwe osambira amadziwira mauthenga onse ndikupanga chipika kuti achepetse mauthenga osiyanasiyana omwe ovomerezeka ayenera kutsimikizira panthawi yonse yogwirizana. Nayi njira yovomerezeka ya block ya:

1. Ma pacesetter amasankhidwa ndi anthu ammudzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira zomwe zimatengera kutchuka kwa wovomerezeka komanso pamtengo.
2. Mkuluyo atumiza pempho lokhala ndi mavoti osonkhanitsidwa omwe asonkhanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lake la kusintha kwa block yatsopanoyo.
3. Onse ovomerezeka amavotera lingalirolo. Ngati apeza mgwirizano, chipikacho chimamalizidwa, ndipo mtsogoleri amapatsidwa mphoto.
4. Njira yomwe ili pamwambayi ikubwereza kwa chipika wotsatira.

Zofunikira za Aptos Node

Wovomerezeka wa node wathunthu ayenera kutengapo ndalama zosachepera miliyoni imodzi komanso ma tokeni okwana 50 miliyoni a APT kuti achite nawo mgwirizano. Mphothozo zimalipidwa pakutha kwa nthawi iliyonse ndipo zimayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa APT komwe kumayikidwa ndi wovomerezeka.

{Hardware} zofunika

Zotsatira za {hardware} ndizopindulitsa kuyendetsa node yovomerezeka ya Aptos ndi node yonse yovomerezeka:

• CPU: 8 cores, 16 ulusi; 2.8GHz, kapena posachedwa; Intel Xeon Skylake kapena yatsopano
• Chikumbutso: 32GB RAM
• Kusungirako: 2T SSD yokhala ndi osachepera 40K IOPS ndi 200MiB/s bandwidth
• Networking bandwidth: 1Gbps

Mosiyana, zomwe zalembedwa apa ndizofunika zonse zamagulu a Ethereum, zitasintha kukhala umboni wa mgwirizano wa Stake:

• Kuchuluka kwamtengo: 32 ETH
• CPU yamakono (osachepera awiri-core CPU, komabe theka la desktop la TDP lotsika kapena theka la selo monga 5500U ndilopindulitsa)
• 32 GB ya kukumbukira (mutha kuyamba ndi ndodo imodzi ya 16 GB ndikuwonjezera ina pambuyo pake)
• 2 TB SSD yapamwamba kwambiri

Kusiyanitsa kumodzi kodziwika pakati pa {hardware} zofunikira za Ethereum ndi Aptos ndikuti chomalizachi chimafuna CPU yogwira mtima kwambiri komanso kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti kwa bandwidth. Pomwe zofunikira za CPU mu Aptos ndizochulukira, zimafanana ndi ma CPU apamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke.

Ngakhale kuti zofunikira za {hardware} ndizofanana, zofunikira sizili choncho. Kutengera makamaka pamitengo ya ETH ndi APT polemba kuwunikaku, mfundo yonse ya Ethereum idatenga mtengo wa $62,000 wa ETH pagulu. Pa nthawi yofanana, wovomerezeka wa Aptos ayenera kutenga pafupifupi $ 7 miliyoni kuti ayenerere dziwe lovomerezeka, lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa Ethereum. Mwachidziwikire, Aptos imathandiza nthumwi zakomweko, pomwe Ethereum satero. 

Chithunzi cha APT

APT ndiye chizindikiro chakubadwa mkati mwa Aptos ecosystem. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira mtengo wamafuta amafuta komanso kutenga nawo gawo m'dera mwa njira yolumikizirana. Aptos mainnet idakhala pa Okutobala 2022, 1, ndikupereka koyambirira kwa ma tokeni biliyoni a APT. Zizindikirozi zimagawidwa pakati pa othandizira zachilengedwe motere:

• Gulu - 51.02%
• Othandizira kwambiri - 19%
• Aptos Basis - 16.5%
• Ogula - 13.48%

Aptos Basis ndi kugawa kwa zizindikiro zamagulu kudzathandizira ntchito zopititsa patsogolo gulu monga zopereka ndi zolimbikitsira. Pafupifupi 125 miliyoni APT idapangidwa kuti ipezeke poyambira kuti ithandizire zoyambira zachilengedwe komanso Aptos Basis. Zizindikiro zotsalira zidzatsegula mwezi ndi mwezi pazaka khumi zotsatira. Pano pali kuyang'ana pa ndondomeko ya zovala:

Pafupifupi 1 / khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa opereka chithandizo chachikulu ndi amalonda amatsegula miyezi 18 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mainnet, pamene zotsalazo zidzatsegulidwa pazaka zinayi za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mainnet.

Kupereka koyambirira kwa APT sikuyenera kumangirizidwa. Ovomerezeka omwe amaika APT kuti ateteze anthu ammudzi amalipidwa ndi zizindikiro za APT zomwe zangopangidwa kumene, zomwe zimathandizira kupezeka kwa APT, pamene ndondomekoyi imawotcha zolipiritsa, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za APT. Mphotho zonse ndi njira zomwe zimagwirizana zimatha kusinthidwa ndikuwongolera pamaketani.

Aptos Community Statistics

Pali otsimikizira amphamvu okwana 117 pagulu la Aptos panthawi yolemba kuwunikaku, ndikuyika pafupifupi 850 miliyoni APT pakati pawo. Zoyambira za APT za 1 biliyoni zakwera ndi pafupifupi 66 miliyoni APT, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ovomerezeka amalandila mphotho zowonjezera kuposa zomwe protocol ikuwotcha pamilandu, kukweza kwa APT. Mosiyana, gulu la Ethereum limadzitamandira ndi ovomerezeka amphamvu a 800,000 komanso oposa 28M ETH omwe adakhudzidwa ndi anthu ammudzi mu Novembala 2023.

Malo Ogulira Aptos

Panali zosangalatsa zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa m'mbuyomu kukhazikitsidwa kwa Aptos, zomwe zidapangitsa kufalikira kwa chizindikiro cha APT. Aptos atha kugulidwa pamasinthidwe omwe amakonda monga Binance, OKX, Bitget, Bybit, Coinbase, Kraken ndi ena. 

The Aptos Ecosystem

Zachilengedwe za Aptos zatsala pang'ono kukhala zambiri komanso zamphamvu, chifukwa cha zosankha zamakono za blockchain. Aptos, ndi kutsindika kwake pa scalability, chitetezo, ndi Transfer programming chinenero, amapereka nthaka yachonde pakukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dapps. Maakaunti amphamvu a 1M+ amalowetsa Dapp ecosystem ya Aptos. Pansipa pali ma Dapps omwe amanyamula ma TVL apamwamba kwambiri (makamaka kutengera chidziwitso cha DeFiLlama) mu Aptos mkalasi iliyonse:

• Thala - Ndondomeko ya Transfer yoyendetsedwa ndi chilankhulo cha DeFi yomwe imathandizira kubwereka stablecoin yokhazikika pa blockchain ya Aptos.
• LiquidSwap - Inali AMM yoyamba pa Aptos.
• Amnis Finance - A Liquid staking protocol.
• Aries Markets - Ndi njira yokhazikika yogula ndikugulitsa pa Aptos.
• Merkle Commerce - Perp DEX yopereka mwayi wambiri pamagulu ambiri azinthu.
• Mole - Ndondomeko ya DeFi yomwe imapereka ulimi wochuluka, thumba la hedge ndi kusunga ndalama.
• BlueMove Staking - Msika wa NFT

Aptos Awunika Malingaliro Ogawanika

Pomaliza kulowa kwathu mozama mugulu la Aptos, zikuwonekeratu kuti Aptos ikuyimira kupambana kwakukulu pakupanga kwa blockchain. Kuchokera pamapepala ake oyera mpaka kukhazikitsidwa mwanzeru, Aptos imadziwika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, chitetezo, komanso kuthekera kwake kosiyana ndi chilankhulo cha Transfer. Mapangidwe a anthu ammudzi, okhazikika pakuchita zinthu mopitilira muyeso komanso magwiridwe antchito, amawayika ngati mkangano wowopsa mkati mwa blockchain.

Kuwunika Aptos ndi Ethereum, makamaka zokhudzana ndi tokenomics, ziwerengero za anthu ammudzi, ndi {hardware} zofunikira, zimatsindika kudzipereka kwa Aptos ku scalability ndi mphamvu. Pomwe Ethereum 2.0 yadumphadumpha pakuchulukirachulukira, kuchita bwino kwa mphamvu, komanso kugawikana m'magawo, buku la Aptos lofananirako, kusintha kofunikira, komanso kuwonekera bwino kumapereka phindu lokhazikika.

Komabe, Aptos sayenera kukhala yekha m'chikhumbo chake chokweza chilankhulo cha Transfer. Maukonde monga gulu la Sui nawonso amapindula kwambiri ndi Transfer, ngakhale ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana komanso malingaliro. Sui, ndikugogomezera kwambiri zinthu za digito zomwe mungasinthire makonda, imapereka kuthekera kosiyana kwa Transfer. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mapulogalamuwa kumawunikira kusinthasintha ndi kuthekera kwa chilankhulo cha Transfer pokonza njira yopitira patsogolo pa sayansi yokhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko.

Chifukwa mawonekedwe a blockchain akupitilizabe kusinthika, maukonde ngati Aptos ndiwofunikira pakukankhira malire a zomwe zingatheke. Aptos, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake olimba komanso kutukuka kwa chilengedwe, ali m'malo abwino kuti atenge nawo mbali paukadaulo wotsatira wa nsanja za blockchain, ndikulonjeza kuyendetsa luso komanso kutengera kutengera magawo osiyanasiyana. 

Komabe, kuonjezapo mtengo ndikuti ntchitoyo yagwera pansi pakuwunikiridwa kwakukulu muzamalonda, pomwe okonda ma crypto ambiri akuganiza kuti Aptos sichake kuposa "VC hype mission" yomwe ikufuna kupeza ndalama ndikubweza maakaunti a mabungwe azachuma a oyambitsa ndi Otsatsa a Silicon Valley komanso kubweza ndalama koyambirira kumapangitsa kuti malingalirowo akhale odalirika, komabe ndizofanana ndi momwe munthu aliyense angadzithetsere yekha. ngati blockchain iyi yokhala ndi ubale woyambiranso ndi Fb ndi yowona kapena njira yopezera ndalama.

Kodi mudakonda zolembedwazi? Ngati mukufuna kumva zambiri kuchokera kwa ife ndikupeza zosintha zatsopano komanso zomwe zili kumbuyo kwazithunzi, sangalalani kuwona mayendedwe athu ochezera.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Mosalekeza

Kodi Njira Zoyimilira Zotani za Community Aptos?

Zosankha zoyimilira za Aptos Community zikuphatikiza kuchulukirachulukira kwake komanso kusakhazikika, mothandizidwa ndi buku lachigwirizano lokhazikitsidwa ndi Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Anthu ammudzi amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero cha Transfer programming, chomwe chinapangidwira kuti chikhale chotetezeka komanso chosinthika bwino cha makontrakitala. Kuphatikiza apo, Aptos imatsindika zachitetezo cha anthu komanso kasamalidwe kabwino ka anthu ammudzi, pamodzi ndi zosankha monga kuphatikizira kuti zitheke mwachangu komanso kapangidwe kake kakuwongolera kosavuta komanso kusinthasintha.

Kodi Chilankhulo Chosamutsa Kukhala Chotani?

Chilankhulo cha Transfer programming, chopangidwira Aptos blockchain, chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutsindika kwake pachitetezo ndi njira yokhazikika pazinthu. Pochita chidwi ndi dzimbiri, imaphatikiza malingaliro ngati mizere ya mizere kuti apange chidziwitso chapadera ndikuwongolera. Kusamutsa kwapangidwa kuti kupewe zovuta zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi monga kuwononga kawiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwero, monga zinthu za digito, asamalidwa bwino. Mannequin yake yozikidwa pazithandizo imapereka maziko olimba opangira ntchito zotetezedwa komanso zotsogola.

Kodi Parallel Execution ndi chiyani?

Kuphatikizika kofanana mkati mwa chidziwitso cha blockchain, monga momwe Aptos amachitira, kumatanthauzanso kuthekera kwa zochitika zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuposa motsatizana. Njirayi imakulitsa kwambiri liwiro la kachitidwe kachitidwe komanso magwiridwe antchito onse ammudzi. Pothandizira kuphatikizika kofananira, Aptos imatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kotsatira, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuchulukirachulukira komanso scalability.